The+Effect+for+Us

Is BHA contained in the foods you eat is healthy? BHA contained in the food serves as a preservative. Especially in oil. BHA aims to avoid the addition of oils or fats oxidized of oxygen. if this happens, the fat or oil will be a compound of aldehyde, ketone, peroxides and fatty acids. is what causes the oil or fat to be rancid. to prevent this, the BHA was added. But if the addition of BHA too much, the BHA may cause health problems.
 * Is BHA safe? **

BHA haves undergone the additive application and review process required by the US Food and Drug Administration. However, the same chemical properties which make BHA excellent preservatives may also be implicated in health effects. The oxidative characteristics and/or metabolites of BHA may contribute to carcinogenicity or tumorigenicity; however the same reactions may combat oxidative stress. There is evidence that certain persons may have difficulty metabolizing BHA ,resulting in health and behavior changes. BHA may have antiviral and antimicrobial activities.



· If ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN, butylated hydroxyanisole is Not Available
 * If INHALED (SNIFFED OR BREATHED IN), butylated hydroxyanisole is Not Available


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**Longterm or Delayed Health Effects** · The oxidative characteristics and/or metabolites of BHA and BHT may contribute to carcinogenicity or tumorigenicity.
 * Allergen
 * Suspected Endocrine Disruptor = May interfere with, mimic or block hormones
 * In test animals, BHA has caused cancer in the forestomach. Humans do not have a forestomach, although the cause of any kind of tumors in animals is cause for concern.
 * In test tube studies, BHA has mimicked the hormonal actions of estrogen.
 * Repeated contact with skin may cause irritation and skin allergies/dermatitis.



· There is evidence that certain persons may have difficulty metabolizing BHA and BHT, resulting in health and behavior changes. BHA and BHT may have antiviral and antimicrobial activities. Research is underway concerning the use of BHT in the treatment of herpes simplex and AIDS.

so far we have not received a state experiments BHA hazard to human health. but we have conducted experiments on animals. animals used for experiments that monkeys, rats and rabbits. **//Short-Term Studies//**//.// Short-term studies have been conducted in a number of species including rats, rabbits, and dogs. Rats administered 500-600 mg/kg bw for a period of 10 weeks showed decreased growth rate and reduced activity of the enzymes catalase, peroxidase, and cholinesterase. In rabbits, large doses of BHA (1 g/day) administered by stomach tube for 56 days caused a 10-fold increase in sodium excretion and a 20% increase in potassium excretion in the urine. No adverse effects were observed in dogs fed 0.3, 30, or 100 mg/kg bw BHA for 1 year. In high doses (500 mg/kg bw per day), BHA induced an increase in the relative liver weight in rats and mice. In rats, the changes follow a complex course that depends on the mode of administration. When rats were given BHA by stomach tube, the relative liver weight increase followed a bimodal time course, with maxima on days 2 and 10 and a highly significant increase on day 7. On dietary administration, liver enlargement was not apparent until day 5, and a single maximum was observed by day 11. A preliminary ultrastructural study by Allen and Engblom did not reveal any nucleolar abnormalities in the liver. BHA has been reported to induce a number of hepatic enzymes in rats and mice such as epoxide hydrolase, glutathione-S-transferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and biphenyl-4-hydroxylase. In dogs, BHA at levels of 1 and 1.3% induced liver enlargement, proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, the formation of hepatic myelinoid bodies, and an increase in hepatic enzyme activity. Given in doses of 500 mg/kg bw to young rhesus monkeys for 28 days, BHA induced liver hypertrophy and the proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Some differences were observed between monkeys and rats. In monkeys, the activity of microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase was decreased and the nitroanisole demethylase activity was increased, whereas in rats no changes were observed at similar dose levels. **//Long-Term and Carcinogenicity Studies//**//.// In earlier long-term studies, BHA was found to be without any toxic effects in rats after 22 months and in dogs after 15 months. However, in later studies, reported that in F344 rats, administration of BHA at a 2% level resulted in a high incidence of papilloma in almost 100% of the treated animals and squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach in about 30% of the treated animals. At lower dose levels of 0.5%, no neoplastic lesions were observed, but forestomach hyperplasia was observed. Most of the changes were close to the limiting ridge between the forestomach and the glandular stomach. Ito et al. observed that in addition to 3-BHA, two metabolites p-//tert//-butylphenol and 2-//tert//-butyl-4-methylphenol, also induced papillomas in the forestomach. Verhagen et al. observed that in rats not only the forestomach but also the glandular stomach, small intestine, colorectal tissues, and possibly esophageal tissues were susceptible to the proliferative effects of BHA. Hamsters were found to be more susceptible to BHA than rats. In hamsters fed 1 or 2% BHA for 24 and 104 weeks, forestomach papillomas were observed in almost all treated animals and carcinomas in 7-10% in the 104-week group. A lower incidence of lesions was observed in mice fed 0.5 and 1 % BHA.