12-4+The+Issue+of+sunset+yellow

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INTRODUCTION

**Sunset Yellow FCF**

The IUPAC name is **Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfononate** (also known as **Orange Yellow S**, ** FD&C Yellow 6** or **C.I. 15985**) is a synthetic yellow azo dye, manufactured from aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum. When added to foods, it is denoted by E Number E110. Although there are reports that it can induce an allergic reaction, this is not confirmed by scientific research.

USES Sunset Yellow is useful in fermented foods which must be heat treated. It may be found in orange sodas, orange jelly, marzipan , Swiss rolls , apricot jam , citrus m   armalade , lemon curd , sweets , hot chocolate mix and packet soups, trifle mix, breadcrumbs , snack chips, cheese sauce mixes, and other products with artificial yellow, orange or red colours. Sunset Yellow is often used in conjunction with E123, Amaranth, in order to produce a brown colouring in both chocolates and caramel. At high concentrations, Sunset Yellow in solution with water undergoes a phase change from an isotropic liquid to a nematic liquid crystal. This occurs between 0.8 M and 0.9 M at room temperature. **Possible health effects** Sunset Yellow is a sulfonated version of Sudan I, a possible carcinogen, which is frequently present in it as an impurity. Sunset Yellow itself may be responsible for causing an allergic reaction in people with an aspirin intoleranc resulting in various symptoms including gastric upset, diarrhea, vomiting, nettle rash ( urticaria ) and swelling of the skin ( angioedema ). The colouring has also been linked to hyperactivity in young children. The following additives were tested in the research:
 * Sunset yellow (E110) (FD&C Yellow #6) - Colouring found in squashes
 * Carmoisine ( E122 ) - Red colouring in jellies
 * Tartrazine ( E102 ) (FD&C Yellow #5) - Yellow colouring
 * Ponceau 4R ( E124 ) - Red colouring
 * Sodium benzoate ( E211 ) - Preservative
 * Quinoline yellow ( E104 ) - Food colouring
 * Allura red AC ( E129 ) (FD&C Red #40) - Orange/red food

REGULATION As a result of these potential health issues, there have been calls for the withdrawal of Sunset Yellow from food use. On 6 September 2007, the British Food Standards Agency revised advice on certain artificial food additives, including E110. The report said, "This has been a major study investigating an important area of research. The results suggest that consumption of certain mixtures of artificial food colours and sodium benzoate preservative are associated with increases in hyperactive behaviour in children. "However, parents should not think that simply taking these additives out of food will prevent hyperactive disorders. We know that many other influences are at work but this at least is one a child can avoid." On 10 April 2008, the Foods Standard Agency called for a voluntary removal of the colours (but not sodium benzoate) by 2009. In addition, it recommended that there should be action to phase them out in food and drink in the European Union (EU) over a specified period.  Sunset Yellow is banned in Norway and Finland .  In 2008, a proposed EU deal specified that food and drinks containing any of six artificial colourings that may be linked to hyperactive behaviour in children will have to carry warnings, including Sunset Yellow. The requirement would apply to imports as well as those made in the EU. Hundreds of products containing the colourings are expected to disappear from shops in the period 2008-2010 following the Food Standards Agency 's (FSA) call for a voluntary ban on their use in food products. UK ministers have agreed that the six colourings will be phased out by 2009. EFSA decided in 2009 to lower the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for Sunset Yellow FCF from 2.5 mg / kg to 1.0 mg/kg bodyweight per day. Impurities in production may leave unsulphonated aromatic amines in concentrations of 100 mg/kg which may be associate

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